5-16 to 5-31
Students will be reviewing for the final...that covers everything from the revolutionary war to the civil war...The revolution notes, government notes, and civil war notes will cover 80% of the test...I will review the final with them 2-3 days a week...Other days we will watch films...Thanks for a great year!!!!

Important events in American History

1607-- Jamestown founded-First permanent English settlement in the Americas

1620—Mayflower Compact-Helps establish idea of self government and majority rule

Bacon’s rebellion-Earliest rebellion of colonists. Effects are that laws are passed by the
House of Burgesses limiting power of the governor.

1st Great Awakening. Religious revival in the colonies. Jonathan Edwards was a preacher

Enlightenment. Time of reason and science and great thinkers. Benjamin Franklin was a
Key figure in the American Enlightenment

Boston Massacre. British Soldiers fire into an angry mob. Increases tension between
Britain and its colonies

Boston Tea Party. Organized by Sam Adams and the Sons of Liberty as protest to the Tea
Act. Dumped Tea into Boston Harbor. Parliament responds with Coercive(Intolerable) Acts

Battles of Lexington and Concord. First battles of the American Revolution

1776—Declaration of Independence signed. Colonists break away from England

1783—Treaty of Paris. Ends American Revolution

Shay’s Rebellion. Makes the country realize a stronger national government is needed

1788—Constitution is ratified. Replaces the Articles of Confederation and gives more power to
The National Government

Cotton Gin invented. By Eli Whitney. Makes cotton cheaper. Results in spread of slavery

Whisky Rebellion. Its quick suppression proves the Constitution gave the National
Government the necessary power to enforce laws

XYZ Affair. French demanded a bribe from Americans. Americans were angry

1803—Louisiana Purchase. Doubles the size of the country under Thomas Jefferson’s
Presidency.

Lewis & Clark Expedition. Explores the Louisiana Territory

War of 1812. Effects are that American Industry Increase, Native American threat
Decrease, and United States proves it can defend itself

Monroe Doctrine. States that Europe should stay out of the Americas.

Nullification Crisis. Triggered by South Carolina’s protest of tariffs. Suggested by
John C Calhoun. Put down by Andrew Jackson

2nd Great Awakening. Helps begin the Reform Movement Era

Trail of Tears. Forced march of Cherokees to the west

Manifest Destiny. Americans feel they should spread from coast to coast

War with Mexico. Gives the United States much of the Southwest

California gold rush. Many Americans settle on the west coast

Dred Scott decision. Further increases tension between the North and South

1861—Shots fired at Fort Sumter. Beginning of Civil War

1865—Robert E Lee surrenders at Appomattox Court House. Ends Civil War


Key People in American History

Samuel Adams: Important leader in the American Revolution. Leader in the Sons of Liberty

Susan B Anthony: Leader in the women’s rights movement

Benedict Arnold: Traitor in the American Revolution

Harriet Beecher Stowe: wrote the famous book “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” which increased tension between Northern and Southern states

John Brown: Militant abolitionist who led raid at Harpers Ferry

John C Calhoun: created doctrine of Nullification

Henry Clay: Politian known as “The Great Compromiser”

Jefferson Davis: President of the Confederate States in the Civil War

Frederick Douglass: Former slave and influential abolitionist

Jonathan Edwards: Important preacher in the 1st Great Awakening

Robert Fulton: Ran first commercial steamboat

Benjamin Franklin: Key figure in American Enlightenment. Came up with the Albany Plan of Union. An important figure in the Revolution by convincing France to support the Colonists

William Lloyd Garrison: Printer of the abolitionist newspaper “The Liberator”

George III: British king during the American Revolution

Alexander Hamilton: Leading Federalist. First Secretary of State. Believed in Free Enterprise. Supported
A national debt.

Patrick Henry: Important patriot of the Revolution. “Give me Liberty, or give me death!”

Ann Hutchinson. Helped Roger Williams found Rhode Island for religious freedom

John Paul Jones: Naval hero during the American Revolution

Robert E Lee: Commander of the Confederate Army in the Civil War

Horace Mann: Brought about early reforms in education

John Marshall: Important and influential Chief Justice of the Supreme Court

Samuel Morse: Inventor of the Telegraph system and Morse Code

William Penn: Quaker. Founder of Pennsylvania

Thomas Paine: Influential writer during the American Revolution. Wrote “Common Sense”

Dred Scott: Slave who sued for his freedom.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton: Leader of movement to give women the right to vote. Organized the Seneca Falls Convention

Henry David Thoreau: Author and Transcendentalist. Believed in Civil Rights. Practiced Civil Disobedience when he refused to pay taxes in protest of the Mexican War

Sojourner Truth: Important abolitionist and women’s rights activist

Eli Whitney: Inventor of the Cotton Gin

John Peter Zenger: Journalist in colonial New York. His trial helped establish the idea of freedom of the press


Presidents of the United States

George Washington-no political affiliation: First U.S. President
(1789-1797)

John Adams-federalist: Handled the XYZ Affair
(1797-1801)

Thomas Jefferson-democratic republican(antifederalist): Louisiana Purchase
(1801-1809)

James Madison-democratic republican: War of 1812
(1809-1817)

James Monroe-democratic republican: Era of Good Feelings. Industrialization. Monroe Doctrine
(1817-1825)

John Quincy Adams-democratic republican: Accused of Corrupt Bargain
(1825-1829)

Andrew Jackson-democrat: Jackson Democracy. Bank wars. Indian Removal Act
(1829-1837)

Martin Van Buren-democrat: Trail of Tears. Panic of 1837
(1837-1841)

William Henry Harrison-Whig: First President to die in office
(1841)

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Abraham Lincoln-Republican: President in Civil War. Issued Emancipation Proclamation
(1861-1865)


Important Documents in American History

Magna Carta (1215): English Agreement that guaranteed certain rights to all Englishmen. Influenced American’s Bill of Rights that protect individual rights

Mayflower Compact (1620): Signed by the Pilgrims when they reached Plymouth. Establishes the idea of Self Government and Majority Rules

Common Sense (1776): Influential Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine which urged Americans to declare independence.

Declaration of Independence (1776): Written by Thomas Jefferson. Announced the separation of the thirteen colonies from British rule

Articles of Confederation (1781-1789): First U.S. Government. It eventually failed due to weak National government

Constitution (1787-present) Our blueprint of government. 7 articles and currently 27 amendments

Bill of Rights (1791) First 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution. Guarantees individual rights

George Washington’s Farwell Address (1796): He urged Americans to stay neutral in foreign affairs

Monroe Doctrine (1823): Stated that Europe should not interfere in the western hemisphere and that the U.S. should not interfere in the affairs of Europe.

Gettysburg Address (1863): Famous speech given by Abraham Lincoln. Said the Union and preservation of this nation was worth fighting for at any cost

Important Laws in American History

Colonial Period

Proclamation of 1763- Said that colonists could not move beyond the Appalachian mountains. Colonists became angry

Stamp Act- Taxed all printed material in the colonies

Coercive(Intolerable) Acts- laws passed to punish the colonies for the Boston Tea Party


Laws Passed by Congress

Northwest Ordinance- established guidelines and rules that a territory would follow in order to become a state

Fugitive Slave Act- fugitive slaves in the North had to be returned back to the South

Kansas-Nebraska Act- used popular sovereignty to decide the issue of slavery in the western territories

Reconstruction Acts- imposed military control of the southern states until they complied with the 14th amendment and allowed former slaves the right to vote

Important Supreme Court Cases

Marbury v. Madison: said that the Supreme Court had the right to review all laws made by Congress. Established the precedence of Judicial Review.

McCulloch v. Maryland: said that a state could not tax a Federal institution. Increased power of Federal government

Gibbons v. Ogden: said that only the Federal Government could regulate trade between the states.

Dred Scott v. Sanford: said that African American slaves were not U.S. citizens. Increased Sectionalism.


Important Terms in American History

Albany Plan of Union- First formal plan to unite the colonies devised by Benjamin Franklin

Bessemer Steel Process- process to take impurities out of steel making it stronger and allowing for mass production of steel

Civil Disobedience- peacefully disobeying a law you feel is unjust. Supported by Henry David
Thoreau

House of Burgesses- First elected assembly in North America. Influenced our House of Representatives

Interchangeable Parts- machine made identical parts for products allowing for mass production

Lowell Mills- provided jobs for women in the factories

Mercantilism- exploitation of its colonies to make Britain wealthy. This economic practice was hated by colonists

Pilgrims- came to Plymouth on Mayflower for religious freedom

Primary Source- Source with firsthand account (diary, autobiography, photograph)

Pull Factor- immigrants who arrive to seek opportunity (Dutch, Germans)

Push Factor- immigrants who arrive due to disastrous conditions in their native countries (Irish)

Puritans- Strict religious group that settled in Massachusetts. Strong work ethic

Secondary Source- Source written after the fact. (encyclopedia, textbook)

Sectionalism- loyalty to one’s state or region rather than to the country

Tobacco- Early cash crop that saved Jamestown from failure

Urbanization- movement of people into the cities

Government And Constitutional Studies

Three Branches of Government:

Legislative: Congress- Makes the Laws

Executive: President and the administration- Enforces the Laws

Judicial: Supreme Court and court system-Interprets the Laws


Terms:
Individual Rights- Personal freedoms

Limited Government- All must obey laws including government leaders

Republicanism- electing leaders

Popular Sovereignty- the people rule

Separation of Powers- the three branches of government

Federalism- power is shared between state and federal governments

Checks & Balances- each branch watches over the other two


Federalists: One of the first political parties. Came about in Constitutional Convention. Favored the Constitution and a strong federal government

Anti-federalists: One of the first political parties. Came about in Constitutional Convention. Opposed the Constitution and wanted the states to retain their power. Later became known as the Democratic-Republicans

Virginia Plan- devised at the Constitutional Convention. Favored by Larger states because representation would be determined by state population

New Jersey Plan- devised at the Constitutional Convention. Favored by Smaller states because representation would be determined by an equal number regardless of state population

Great Compromise- combined elements from New Jersey Plan and Virginia Plan.

3/5th Compromise- settled dispute at Constitutional Convention as to how the slave population would be counted for representation


Geography

Colonial Regions

Upper Colonies (New England): Economy based on trade, ship building, lumber

Middle Colonies: Economy based on grains and gristmills

Lower Colonies: Economy based on cash crops

American Acquisitions

Treaty of Paris 1783- established the Boundaries of the United States from Atlantic Ocean to Mississippi River

Louisiana Purchase- 1803 from France

Florida- bought from Spain in the Adams-Onis treaty

Texas- triggered the war with Mexico

California and the Southwest (Mexican Cession)- obtained from Mexico after Mexican War

Oregon Territory- acquired through negotiations with Great Britain

Gadsden Purchase- bought from Mexico for completion of a railroad.